Inevitably, any discuss with a novice surveyor
of religion, will claim there is no difference in terms of violence between the
Christian Bible and the Islamic Quran. Really?
Dr. Michael Brown, President of FIRE School of
Ministry, recently wrote an article for Townhall.com
entitled – “Comparing the Bible and the Quran.”
In this blog posting, I’ll be reiterating his comparison.
When persons point to the violent verses in the
Quran, Muslims often reply, “But what about the violent verses in the Bible?”
Here is Dr. Brown’s response to this fair
challenge from Muslims:
1. The violent verses in
the Bible were for a specific time and place; while the violent verses in the
Quran are spoken in general terms.
In the Bible, God commanded Joshua to annihilate
the Canaanites – meaning to kill men, women, and children – since the
Canaanites were considered guilty sinners. Centuries later, during the time of King Saul,
the prophet Samuel said that it was God’s will to annihilate the Amalekites
because of the sins they had committed. While
these commands seem monstrous to many readers today, they cannot possibly be
applied to contemporary situations and they have never been considered normative
for all times in either Judaism or Christianity.
In contrast, the Quranic injunctions to smite at
the necks of unbelievers and to kill and punish them in various ways have been
applied to contemporary situations since the days of Muhammad, right up until
today.
2. For Christians, the
Old Testament is the foundation on which the New Testament is built and so the
New Testament contains the final revelation.
Significantly, there are no verses in the New
Testament in which believers are called on to kill their enemies. For Muslims, the Quran is the final
revelation.
In the Old Testament, the Israelites were
commanded to drive out the Canaanites; in the New Testament, Christians are
commanded to drive out demons (evil spiritual beings), not people. In the Old Testament, sins like adultery and
idolatry were punishable with the death penalty under Israelite law; in the New
Testament, professing Christians who practice those sins are to be
excommunicated (meaning, put out of the fellowship of believers), not executed.
For Jews, the Old Testament is read in the light
of Jewish tradition, which also removed the death penalties for certain sins
over a period of time. Jewish tradition
also claims that some Old Testament laws were never meant to be taken literally
(such as eye for eye, tooth for tooth, or the law calling for a woman’s hand to
be chopped off for grabbing a man’s genitals when he was fighting her husband).
Instead, Jewish tradition tells us that
these laws always referred to monetary payment.
In contrast, the Quran is the final authority
for Muslims – there is nothing that supersedes it or can contradict it. So, to repeat again, throughout Islamic
history, the violent verses have often been applied literally by Muslims in
their treatment of unbelievers and enemies.
3. The ultimate example
for Christians is Jesus. For Muslims,
Muhammad is the perfect man and the model to be followed.
Jesus was crucified and ordered His followers
not to defend Him from His fate. Muhammad,
who began his mission as a preacher rather than a soldier, led pillaging raids
(to get money for his followers), fought aggressive, offensive wars to subdue
his enemies, and on one famous occasion, beheaded his Jewish captives.
In stark contrast, the most “violent” thing
Jesus did was overthrow the tables of the money changers in the Temple and
drive out the animals.
How can anyone compare the two?
Jesus is called the Lamb of God in numerous
texts, speaking of His sacrificial death on the cross, and He is worshiped by
Christians as the Lamb who was slain. Do
Muslims commonly think of Muhammad in those terms?
The issue here is not whether it’s appropriate
for Christians to defend themselves against terrorist attacks or whether
Christians should serve in the military.
The issue is that the early Christians were killed for their faith
rather than killing others for their faith. The early Muslims did, in fact, kill others
for their faith, and many have continued to do so through the centuries.
So, when a Christian is killed by a radical
Muslim for refusing to deny his faith, both the Christian and the Muslim can
point to their leaders – Jesus and Muhammad – and say, “I am following the
example of my leader” – one by being killed for his faith, the other by killing
for his faith.
Dr. Brown was quick to add that he is quite
aware of ugly aspects of Church history, including the violence of the Crusades
(in particular, against European Jews who were not part of the military
conflict between Christians and Muslims); but examples like this prove the
larger point – They are horrific exceptions to the rule and they are without
New Testament support. In contrast, wars
fought in the name of Allah have a rich Islamic history, tracing back directly
to Muhammad and the Quran.
“I [Dr. Brown] do appreciate the fact that
millions of Muslims, including many respected leaders, believe that the violent
verses of the Quran were for also for a specific time and season, and I applaud
them for repudiating the theology, ideology, and actions of radical Muslims
worldwide. At the same time, the close
association between Muhammad, the Quranic verses of violence and violent Islamic
history cannot be denied. This similar
pattern cannot be found from New Testament times until today in practicing
Christian circles. And where it can be
found, it is aberrant. Not surprisingly,
while Muslims celebrate Muhammad’s bloody victory at Khaybar, Christians
celebrate Jesus’ bloody death on the cross, followed by His glorious
resurrection.”
Rev. Dr.
Kenneth L. Beale, Jr.
Chaplain
(Colonel-Ret), U.S. Army
Pastor,
Ft. Snelling Memorial Chapel